Introduction to Semiconductors

Flash session 1: Introduction to Semiconductors
By Avi Klein, Senior Principal Engineer, Memory Technology Strategy
Video | Duration: 8:25 min | 

This session introduces the semiconductor industry, to which flash memory belongs, and discusses the industry's basic units of measurement. It defines Moore's Law, and explains how flash memory has accelerated Moore's Law. It then focuses on silicon, including the reasons for its popularity, its structure and its electrical characteristics. This session concludes with a step-by-step description of chip manufacturing - from silicon wafer to dies to packaged chips

Chapter 1: Introduction
Introduces the topics to be discussed in this session, provides an overview of the world of semiconductors, review basic measurements used in this industry such as micron, nanometer and angstrom. Discusses Moore's Law that defines semiconductor miniaturization trends, discusses silicon, and why it has become the most common material for semiconductors. Concludes with a review of the major steps in chip manufacturing.

Chapter 2: Overview of Semiconductor Industry
The semiconductor industry includes a variety of integrated circuits that support different functionality such as processors, controllers and memory

Chapter 3: Basic Units of Measurement for Semiconductors
Discusses basic units of measurements for semiconductors such as: centimeter, millimeter, micron, nanometers and angstroms.

Chapter 4: Moore's Law
Discussed the trend of miniaturization that was described by Moore's Law in 1965.

Chapter 5: Flash Memory and Moore's Law
Explains how Memory capacity in bytes has doubled almost every year, and the cost per Byte has decreased accordingly.

Chapter 6: Silicon Characteristics
Introduces silicon as a basic element used to manufacture semiconductors and why is it so suitable for this industry. It discusses the atomic structure of silicon.

Chapter 7: Silicon Wafer
Discusses what a silicon wafer is.

Chapter 8: Chip Manufacturing
Review the manufacturing flow required to turn silicon into a chip. This process includes 2 steps: The 1st step is the wafer preparation that includes growing silicon ingots, slicing thin wafers and finally polishing the surface to insure high quality, defect free surface. The 2nd step is wafer fabrication that includes cleaning, layering, etching, patterning and doping.

Chapter 9:  Summary
Reviews the subjects discussed in the presentation, including the world of semiconductors, basic measurements used in this industry such as micron, nanometer and angstrom, Moore's Law that defines semiconductor miniaturization trends, special electrical properties of silicon, and why it was chosen as the basic building block for semiconductors and major steps in chip manufacturing.

Keywords 
Semiconductors,  Miniaturization, Bits, Bytes, Megabytes, Gigabytes, Nanometer, Angstrom, Silicon wafer, Silicon characteristics, Transistors, Non-volatile memory (NVM), Volatile memory, NAND flash memory, Chip manufacturing, N-type conductor, P-type conductor, Doping, Dies, Ingot, Wafer slicing, Wafer polishing, Wafer fabrication, Fabrication (fab), Testing and sorting, Yield Assembly, Packaging