What is Flash Memory?

Flash session 2: What is Flash Memory?
By Avi Klein, Senior Principal Engineer, Memory Technology Strategy
Video | Duration: 11:46 min |

This session focuses on NAND flash memory, why it has become so popular for use in electronic devices, and the challenges designers face to implement advanced NAND technologies that provide increasingly higher capacities cost effectively, while maintaining high levels of flash reliability and performance.

Chapter 1: Introduction
Introduces the topics to be discussed in this session. Describes the difference between volatile and non-volatile memory (NVM), and the applications for non-volatile memory over the ages, beginning with paper all the way to flash memory.

Chapter 2: Types of Non-Volatile Memory
Defines non-volatile memory (NVM) and describes the various types. Focuses on the characteristics of NOR and NAND flash, the applications for which both of these types of non-volatile memory are best suited, the differences in their architecture and the impact of these differences on performance.

Chapter 3: Importance of Memory to Users
Discusses why users care about what memory their devices use, in particular issues of data retention and endurance. Describes how they affect data reliability and the memory's lifespan.

Chapter 4: NAND Die and Architecture: 2002 to Today
Presents generations of NAND dies and how they have evolved from 2002 to the present. Introduces terms associated with NAND die, including memory array, planes, sense amps, row decoders, control signals and I/O pads. Describes the NAND flash memory array, defining flash memory terms such as bit lines, word lines, memory cell, pages and blocks, and also basic computer storage terms such as bit, byte, memory cell and level.

Chapter 5: Single Level Cell and Multi Level Cell
Defines Single Level Cell (SLC) technology, and discusses how its cost limitations in high capacities gave rise to Multi Level Cell (MLC) technology. Introduces the challenges of MLC technology to store increasingly more data in less silicon. Discusses the need for a system approach to manage MLC flash. Reviews the benefits of NAND flash - higher capacity, lower cost, smaller form factor - and the impact of technological advances on performance and reliability.

Chapter 6: Summary
Reviews the subjects discussed in the presentation, including the types of memory, why NAND has become so popular, the challenges designers face to maintain high performance and reliability when using MLC technology, and the need for a system approach to meet these challenges.

Keywords:
Volatile memory, Non-volatile memory, Data retention, Data reliability, Endurance, EPROM, EEPROM, NOR flash, NAND flash, NAND die, Memory array, Memory cell, Memory plane, Sense amps, Row decoders, Control signals